Hard white metal, density of 12.30 g cm. The temperature of 2310 ° C, the boiling point of 3900 ° C. Valence prices 2, 3, 4 and 8. The first ionization energy is 7.37 electron volts. The chemical properties are very stable. When the temperature reached 100 deg.] C, the resilience of both Common acids include, including aqua regia, hydrofluoric acid and phosphoric acid have resilience. At room temperature, chlorine, bromine, iodine in water and alcohol can be slightly etched ruthenium. Resistant to many molten metals including lead , lithium , potassium, sodium, copper , silver and gold. Acts with molten alkaline hydroxides, carbonates and cyanides.
First, the source of the element
Extracted from a natural alloy of platinum metal.
Second, the use of elements
Rhodium is an excellent catalyst for hydrogenation, isomerization, oxidation and reforming reactions. Pure metal is rarely used. It is an effective hardener for platinum and palladium . It is used to make electrical contact alloys, as well as hard-milled carbides.
Third, elemental auxiliary materials
Niobium is one of the platinum elements with the least amount in the earth's crust, and is the last one found in the platinum group. It was discovered more than 100 years after the discovery of platinum, and 40 years later than the rest of the platinum elements.
However, its name was introduced as early as 1828. At that time, the Russians discovered platinum deposits in the Urals. Ossan, a professor of chemistry at the University of Tartu, first studied it and thought that there were three new elements besides platinum. Ozon his isolated samples sent to Berzelius new element, which only pluranium Berzelius that a new metallic element, respectively, the rest is a mixture of silica and oxides of titanium, zirconium and iridium .
In 1844, Klaus, a professor of chemistry at Kazan University, re-examined Ossan's analytical work, affirming that platinum mines do have a new metal in the residue, and named it after Ossan named Ruthenium to commemorate his native Russia. The element symbol is set to Ru. Chinese to 钌.
After Claus obtained the new metal sputum, he also sent the sample to Bezilius and asked for advice. Bezilius thinks it is impure. However, Klaus and Ossan are different. They ignore the opinions of Bezilius, dare to challenge the authority, continue their own research, and send each sample together with detailed instructions to Bezilius. . The last fact forced Bezilius to publish an article in 1845, recognizing that 钌 is a new element. In Russia, a panel of academicians from the Academy of Sciences formed a special committee to review the results obtained by Klaus and confirmed his findings.
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