Xu Fen (Suzhou Sugar Bureau Technical Bureau, Jingdong County, Yunnan Province)
Jingdong County is located in the middle of southwestern Guizhou. It is located between the western side of Ailao Mountain and the east side of Minjiang River. It is a subtropical monsoon climate zone with an average annual temperature of 18.3°C, an annual rainfall of 1087mm and a sunshine duration of 2132 hours. There are 50.3 million mu of arable land in the county, of which there are 200000 mu of suitable area for planting sugarcane. In 2006, the county's sugarcane planting area was 51,000 mu, with a production of 223,000 tons and an output value of 45 million yuan. In recent years, because some farmers have adopted unscientific farming methods and fertilization methods, sugar cane production and sugar content in this sugarcane region have decreased, resulting in increased input costs and decreased economic benefits. For this reason, after many years of production practice, the author proposes the following methods and measures to improve soil and fertility, and ensure that local sugar cane production achieves high yields and high sugars.
1 Scenery of East Sugarcane Soil Condition
The Jingdong Sugarcane Field mainly includes sand dams and sugarcane fields along the Chuanhe River, Pinghe River and Pinghe River Valley, sugarcane paddies and cane fields, dam marginal lands, and eroded hilly red soil sugarcane fields. The soil physical and chemical properties are shown in the table. 1.
Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of soil in three kinds of sugarcane fields in Jingdong
species
color
structure
pH value
Organic matter
(%)
Alkaline nitrogen
(%)
Fast-acting nitrogen
(mg/kg)
Available potassium
(mg8kg)
Sand dam soil sugarcane field
Paddy field made of sugarcane field
Dam edge land and deforestation cane fields
Dark red
Violet
Red yellow
Sandy soil
China
China
6.0
6.1
5.6
1.8
2.5
1.6
83.3
86.3
80.0
29.0
28.4
8.3
64.0
76.0
72.5
Sand dam soil in the sugarcane soil is deeper than the texture, sand, water, fertilizer and poor performance. The content of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium are low. The soil fertility in the sugarcane field was relatively high in paddy-upland rotations, and the soil water, fertilizer, gas, and heat were well matched. Wet and dry alternations can be used to make full use of nutrients in different soil layers to ensure the growth of sugarcane. Practice has proved that the rational distribution of grain and sugarcane and the appropriate proportion can promote each other. There are many slope lands in dam edge lands and degraded hilly sugar cane fields. Soil erosion is more serious. Some mature topsoil is easily lost, and salt-based materials are washed away, resulting in increased soil acidity and lack of available nutrients.
According to the farmland soil nutrient grading standard of Puer City, the organic matter content of the medium nutrient field should be 2%-3%, the alkaline nitrogen is 90-120mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 10-20mg/kg, and the available potassium is 110-150mg/kg. . It can be seen that the soil nutrient status of the three types of sugarcane fields is relatively poor.
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