Bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules generate electricity from both the front and rear sides, offering a significant performance boost in solar projects. This dual-sided energy capture enhances overall yield and reduces the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), making bifacial technology increasingly popular across various applications such as awnings, canopies, and ground-mounted systems.
As demand for bifacial PV systems grows, the need for experienced engineering supervision becomes more critical. While existing codes and standards provide guidance for monofacial designs, they often fall short when it comes to bifacial applications. Additionally, different manufacturers may offer conflicting recommendations, complicating the design process.
Navigating these challenges requires an engineering team with deep expertise in bifacial PV systems. A well-designed system must comply with electrical codes, maintain manufacturer warranties, minimize performance risks, and achieve the best balance between energy output and project cost. Without proper engineering oversight, the risk of system failure or financial loss increases significantly.
One key consideration is the increased current levels in bifacial systems due to rear-side irradiance. This means that all DC circuits, inverters, and power electronics must be designed to handle higher currents. Failure to do so can result in equipment damage or voided warranties, shifting liability from the manufacturer to the project owner or EPC contractor.
The National Electrical Code (NEC) currently lacks specific provisions for bifacial modules, leaving engineers to interpret and adapt existing guidelines. This makes experience and technical knowledge essential for successful implementation.
Another important aspect is mitigating performance risk and potential liquidated damages. Bifacial systems require detailed modeling that accounts for site-specific weather conditions, equipment configurations, and manufacturer instructions. Conservative design assumptions are necessary to ensure safety, but they should not lead to overestimations of energy production. Proper modeling helps avoid underperformance and ensures compliance with ASTM testing requirements.
Maximizing energy production while keeping costs manageable is another challenge in bifacial design. Unlike monofacial systems, bifacial projects require two separate models: one for design and another for performance prediction. Engineers must balance these models carefully to avoid compromising code compliance or overspending on unnecessary components.
Moreover, module manufacturers vary widely in how they present bifacial gain data. Some provide detailed specifications, while others offer minimal information. This inconsistency places the responsibility on engineers to accurately interpret and apply the data.
Underestimating bifacial gain can pose safety risks, while overestimating it can lead to costly overdesign. A skilled engineer will ensure the system is both safe and optimized for real-world conditions.
For C&I solar projects, partnering with an experienced engineering firm like Pure Power Engineering can help streamline the design process, reduce risks, and maximize returns. Contact us today to learn more about our value-engineered solutions and construction drawing services.
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