I. Hazards of excessive application of chemical fertilizers 1. Deterioration of soil properties Large amounts of single-element fertilizers are applied to farmland. The nutrients cannot be effectively absorbed and utilized by crops. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other chemical substances are easily contaminated by the soil to form various chemicals. Salt, which accumulates in the soil, causes a structural imbalance in soil nutrients, and physical traits deteriorate. Some of the land's harmful metals and harmful bacteria exceed standards, leading to deterioration of soil properties.
2. Decreased product quality and partial application of certain chemical fertilizers resulted in malnutrition of crops, impaired synthesis and synthesis of some substances in the body, and reduced product quality. For example, current fruits are not sweet to eat, vegetables do not fragrant, and they are perishable. Storage, the reason is excessive chemical fertilizer.
3. Environmental pollution caused by excessive application of fertilizer, soil water and other nutrients are leached into the groundwater and rivers by rainwater and farmland irrigation, causing groundwater and river pollution in some areas, so that groundwater, rivers, lakes are eutrophic As a result, groundwater is not good to drink, and fish and shrimp in some rivers and lakes often die.
4. The largest yield-to-income ratio is limited by factors such as the cultivation level of cultivation and the amount of fertilizer required by crops. The crop cannot obtain high yields. Second, due to excessive application of a single fertilizer, resulting in unbalanced nutrition. With malnutrition, only increasing costs does not increase production, and it has caused low-quality agricultural products to be difficult to sell or have a low price, causing losses to farmers.
Second, countermeasures 1. In the crop fertilization on the past to change the traditional way, change the blind fertilization to optimize formula fertilization.
2. It is necessary to strengthen and improve various technical measures in formula fertilization. In the process of formula fertilization, it is necessary to enrich and perfect fertilization parameters, such as nutrient absorption per unit yield, soil nutrient use efficiency, and chemical fertilizer utilization rate. These parameters are also changing along with the changes in production conditions, which are the basis for the original test soil and plant nutrient requirements. At the same time, new environmental conditions analysis items (such as water quality, soil hazardous material content, fertilizer and pesticide pollution, etc.) have been added to continuously enrich fertilization parameters and optimize formula fertilization.
3. To increase the proportion of organic fertilizer in formula fertilization. Organic manure has the characteristics of complete nutrients, long-term fertilizer efficiency, and no pollution. High-efficiency organic manure can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil water storage and fertilizer retention capacity, improve soil physical and chemical properties and aggregate structure, and improve the quality of agricultural products.
4. To increase the use of trace fertilizers and biological fertilizers. The micro-fertilizer can balance the nutrient needed for the crop, and the biological fertilizer can secrete physiologically active substances through the micro-organisms contained in the micro-fertilizer, which can play a role in fixing nitrogen, decomposing phosphorus, releasing potassium, decomposing other micro-nutrients in the soil, and increasing chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. The utilization rate improves soil physical and chemical properties so that soil can supply various nutrients to crops, promote crop growth, increase crop yield and product quality, and at the same time decompose harmful chemical substances in the soil and kill harmful bacteria and reduce fertilizers. Residues of pesticides and harmful bacteria.
5. To coordinate the relationship between a large number of elements and trace elements. In formula fertilization, people often attach importance to the use of large quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while neglecting the application of trace element fertilizers. The addition of trace elements or spraying of trace element growth agents and composite biological growth agents can provide balanced supply of nutrients, promote rapid transformation of nutrients in crops, reduce the accumulation of harmful substances, and promote disease resistance, disease prevention, and increase yield and yield of crops. A good way to quality.
Source: Zhenhai Agricultural Technology Station
2. Decreased product quality and partial application of certain chemical fertilizers resulted in malnutrition of crops, impaired synthesis and synthesis of some substances in the body, and reduced product quality. For example, current fruits are not sweet to eat, vegetables do not fragrant, and they are perishable. Storage, the reason is excessive chemical fertilizer.
3. Environmental pollution caused by excessive application of fertilizer, soil water and other nutrients are leached into the groundwater and rivers by rainwater and farmland irrigation, causing groundwater and river pollution in some areas, so that groundwater, rivers, lakes are eutrophic As a result, groundwater is not good to drink, and fish and shrimp in some rivers and lakes often die.
4. The largest yield-to-income ratio is limited by factors such as the cultivation level of cultivation and the amount of fertilizer required by crops. The crop cannot obtain high yields. Second, due to excessive application of a single fertilizer, resulting in unbalanced nutrition. With malnutrition, only increasing costs does not increase production, and it has caused low-quality agricultural products to be difficult to sell or have a low price, causing losses to farmers.
Second, countermeasures 1. In the crop fertilization on the past to change the traditional way, change the blind fertilization to optimize formula fertilization.
2. It is necessary to strengthen and improve various technical measures in formula fertilization. In the process of formula fertilization, it is necessary to enrich and perfect fertilization parameters, such as nutrient absorption per unit yield, soil nutrient use efficiency, and chemical fertilizer utilization rate. These parameters are also changing along with the changes in production conditions, which are the basis for the original test soil and plant nutrient requirements. At the same time, new environmental conditions analysis items (such as water quality, soil hazardous material content, fertilizer and pesticide pollution, etc.) have been added to continuously enrich fertilization parameters and optimize formula fertilization.
3. To increase the proportion of organic fertilizer in formula fertilization. Organic manure has the characteristics of complete nutrients, long-term fertilizer efficiency, and no pollution. High-efficiency organic manure can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil water storage and fertilizer retention capacity, improve soil physical and chemical properties and aggregate structure, and improve the quality of agricultural products.
4. To increase the use of trace fertilizers and biological fertilizers. The micro-fertilizer can balance the nutrient needed for the crop, and the biological fertilizer can secrete physiologically active substances through the micro-organisms contained in the micro-fertilizer, which can play a role in fixing nitrogen, decomposing phosphorus, releasing potassium, decomposing other micro-nutrients in the soil, and increasing chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. The utilization rate improves soil physical and chemical properties so that soil can supply various nutrients to crops, promote crop growth, increase crop yield and product quality, and at the same time decompose harmful chemical substances in the soil and kill harmful bacteria and reduce fertilizers. Residues of pesticides and harmful bacteria.
5. To coordinate the relationship between a large number of elements and trace elements. In formula fertilization, people often attach importance to the use of large quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while neglecting the application of trace element fertilizers. The addition of trace elements or spraying of trace element growth agents and composite biological growth agents can provide balanced supply of nutrients, promote rapid transformation of nutrients in crops, reduce the accumulation of harmful substances, and promote disease resistance, disease prevention, and increase yield and yield of crops. A good way to quality.
Source: Zhenhai Agricultural Technology Station
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